"讀者" meaning in All languages combined

See 讀者 on Wiktionary

Noun [Chinese]

IPA: /tu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /tʊk̚² t͡sɛː³⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /tʰuk̚⁵ t͡sa³¹/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /tʰɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /tʰɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /tʰɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /tʰɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/ [Hokkien, Taipei, Xiamen], /tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/ [Hokkien, Taipei, Xiamen], /tʰak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /tʰak̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /tʰak̚⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵²/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /tu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/, /tʊk̚² t͡sɛː³⁵/, /tʰuk̚⁵ t͡sa³¹/, /tʰɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/, /tʰɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/, /tʰɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/, /tʰɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/, /tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/, /tʰak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/, /tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/, /tʰak̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/, /tʰak̚⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵²/ Chinese transliterations: dúzhě [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄉㄨˊ ㄓㄜˇ [Mandarin, bopomofo], duk⁶ ze² [Cantonese, Jyutping], thu̍k-chá [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], tho̍k-chiá [Hokkien, POJ], tha̍k-chiá [Hokkien, POJ], tag⁸ zia² [Peng'im, Teochew], dúzhě [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], dújhě [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], tu²-chê³ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], dú-jě [Mandarin, Yale], dwujee [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], дучжэ [Mandarin, Palladius], dučžɛ [Mandarin, Palladius], duhk jé [Cantonese, Yale], duk⁹ dze² [Cantonese, Pinyin], dug⁶ zé² [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], thu̍k-chá [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], tug za` [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], tug⁶ za³ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], tho̍k-tsiá [Hokkien, Tai-lo], togciar [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tha̍k-tsiá [Hokkien, Tai-lo], tagciar [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tha̍k tsiá [POJ, Teochew]
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 讀者
  1. reader (of books, periodicals, magazines, etc.) Categories (topical): People Derived forms: 讀者群 (dúzhěqún), 读者群 (dúzhěqún)
    Sense id: en-讀者-zh-noun-py--O-m7 Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Elementary Mandarin Synonyms: 受眾 (shòuzhòng), 受众 (shòuzhòng), 念家 (english: reader) [Dungan], 接受方 (jiēshòufāng), 接受者 (jiēshòuzhě), 看官 (kànguān) (english: readers, listeners or members of an audience) [honorific, literary], 聽眾 (tīngzhòng) (english: listeners), 听众 (tīngzhòng) (english: listeners), 觀眾 (guānzhòng) (english: spectators), 观众 (guānzhòng) (english: spectators), 讀者群 (dúzhěqún) (english: readership), 读者群 (dúzhěqún) (english: readership)

Noun [Japanese]

Forms: 讀者 [canonical] (ruby: (どく), (しゃ)), dokusha [romanization]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|どくしゃ}} 讀(どく)者(しゃ) • (dokusha)
  1. Kyūjitai form of 読者 (“reader”) Tags: form-of, kyūjitai Form of: 読者 (extra: reader)

Noun [Korean]

Forms: dokja [romanization], 독자 [hangeul]
Head templates: {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=독자}} 讀者 • (dokja) (hangeul 독자)
  1. Hanja form of 독자 (“reader”). Tags: alt-of, hanja Alternative form of: 독자 (extra: reader)

Noun [Vietnamese]

Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|||head=|tr=}} 讀者, {{vi-noun|sc=Hani}} 讀者
  1. chữ Hán form of độc giả (“reader”).

Download JSON data for 讀者 meaning in All languages combined (10.2kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "讀者"
          },
          "expansion": "讀者",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "読者",
            "2": "どくしゃ",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "読者(どくしゃ) (dokusha)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "독자(讀者)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 독자(讀者) (dokja)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "độc giả",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "讀者"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: độc giả (讀者)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "讀者",
            "2": "どくしゃ",
            "3": "독자",
            "4": "độc giả",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "讀者",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "讀者",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "読者",
            "v": "讀者",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (讀者):\n* → Japanese: 読者(どくしゃ) (dokusha)\n* → Korean: 독자(讀者) (dokja)\n* → Vietnamese: độc giả (讀者)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "どくしゃ",
            "3": "독자",
            "4": "độc giả",
            "j": "読者"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (讀者):\n* → Japanese: 読者(どくしゃ) (dokusha)\n* → Korean: 독자(讀者) (dokja)\n* → Vietnamese: độc giả (讀者)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (讀者):\n* → Japanese: 読者(どくしゃ) (dokusha)\n* → Korean: 독자(讀者) (dokja)\n* → Vietnamese: độc giả (讀者)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pcc",
            "2": "dufzej",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bouyei: dufzej",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bouyei: dufzej"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "za",
            "2": "duzcej",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Zhuang: duzcej",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Zhuang: duzcej"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "讀者",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Elementary Mandarin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "zh:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "dúzhěqún",
          "word": "讀者群"
        },
        {
          "roman": "dúzhěqún",
          "word": "读者群"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "target reader",
          "roman": "mùbiāo dúzhě",
          "text": "目標讀者/目标读者",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "reader (of books, periodicals, magazines, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-讀者-zh-noun-py--O-m7",
      "links": [
        [
          "reader",
          "reader"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "shòuzhòng",
          "word": "受眾"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shòuzhòng",
          "word": "受众"
        },
        {
          "english": "reader",
          "tags": [
            "Dungan"
          ],
          "word": "念家"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiēshòufāng",
          "word": "接受方"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiēshòuzhě",
          "word": "接受者"
        },
        {
          "english": "readers, listeners or members of an audience",
          "roman": "kànguān",
          "tags": [
            "honorific",
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "看官"
        },
        {
          "english": "listeners",
          "roman": "tīngzhòng",
          "word": "聽眾"
        },
        {
          "english": "listeners",
          "roman": "tīngzhòng",
          "word": "听众"
        },
        {
          "english": "spectators",
          "roman": "guānzhòng",
          "word": "觀眾"
        },
        {
          "english": "spectators",
          "roman": "guānzhòng",
          "word": "观众"
        },
        {
          "english": "readership",
          "roman": "dúzhěqún",
          "word": "讀者群"
        },
        {
          "english": "readership",
          "roman": "dúzhěqún",
          "word": "读者群"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dúzhě"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄉㄨˊ ㄓㄜˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "duk⁶ ze²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thu̍k-chá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tho̍k-chiá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tha̍k-chiá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tag⁸ zia²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dúzhě"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dújhě"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tu²-chê³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dú-jě"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dwujee"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "дучжэ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dučžɛ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "duhk jé"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "duk⁹ dze²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dug⁶ zé²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʊk̚² t͡sɛː³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thu̍k-chá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tug za`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tug⁶ za³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰuk̚⁵ t͡sa³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tho̍k-tsiá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "togciar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tha̍k-tsiá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tagciar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tha̍k tsiá"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵²/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʊk̚² t͡sɛː³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰuk̚⁵ t͡sa³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵²/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "讀者"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "讀者",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "讀",
          "どく"
        ],
        [
          "者",
          "しゃ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dokusha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "どくしゃ"
      },
      "expansion": "讀(どく)者(しゃ) • (dokusha)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese kyūjitai spellings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "reader",
          "word": "読者"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Kyūjitai form of 読者 (“reader”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-讀者-ja-noun-mAJZPUBg",
      "links": [
        [
          "Kyūjitai",
          "kyūjitai"
        ],
        [
          "読者",
          "読者#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "reader",
          "reader"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "kyūjitai"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "讀者"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dokja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "독자",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hj",
        "hangeul": "독자"
      },
      "expansion": "讀者 • (dokja) (hangeul 독자)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "reader",
          "word": "독자"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 독자 (“reader”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-讀者-ko-noun-KoP7GHCT",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "독자",
          "독자#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "reader",
          "reader"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "讀者"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "讀者",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "讀者",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of độc giả (“reader”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-讀者-vi-noun-m5pKb5c0",
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "độc giả",
          "độc giả#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "reader",
          "reader"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "讀者"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "dúzhěqún",
      "word": "讀者群"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dúzhěqún",
      "word": "读者群"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "讀者"
          },
          "expansion": "讀者",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "読者",
            "2": "どくしゃ",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "読者(どくしゃ) (dokusha)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "독자(讀者)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 독자(讀者) (dokja)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "độc giả",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "讀者"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: độc giả (讀者)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "讀者",
            "2": "どくしゃ",
            "3": "독자",
            "4": "độc giả",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "讀者",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "讀者",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "読者",
            "v": "讀者",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (讀者):\n* → Japanese: 読者(どくしゃ) (dokusha)\n* → Korean: 독자(讀者) (dokja)\n* → Vietnamese: độc giả (讀者)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "どくしゃ",
            "3": "독자",
            "4": "độc giả",
            "j": "読者"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (讀者):\n* → Japanese: 読者(どくしゃ) (dokusha)\n* → Korean: 독자(讀者) (dokja)\n* → Vietnamese: độc giả (讀者)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (讀者):\n* → Japanese: 読者(どくしゃ) (dokusha)\n* → Korean: 독자(讀者) (dokja)\n* → Vietnamese: độc giả (讀者)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pcc",
            "2": "dufzej",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bouyei: dufzej",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bouyei: dufzej"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "za",
            "2": "duzcej",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Zhuang: duzcej",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Zhuang: duzcej"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "讀者",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese nouns",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese nouns",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Elementary Mandarin",
        "Hakka lemmas",
        "Hakka nouns",
        "Hokkien lemmas",
        "Hokkien nouns",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin nouns",
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples",
        "Teochew lemmas",
        "Teochew nouns",
        "zh:People"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "target reader",
          "roman": "mùbiāo dúzhě",
          "text": "目標讀者/目标读者",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "reader (of books, periodicals, magazines, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reader",
          "reader"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dúzhě"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄉㄨˊ ㄓㄜˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "duk⁶ ze²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thu̍k-chá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tho̍k-chiá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tha̍k-chiá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tag⁸ zia²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dúzhě"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dújhě"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tu²-chê³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dú-jě"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dwujee"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "дучжэ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dučžɛ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "duhk jé"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "duk⁹ dze²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dug⁶ zé²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʊk̚² t͡sɛː³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "thu̍k-chá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tug za`"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tug⁶ za³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰuk̚⁵ t͡sa³¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tho̍k-tsiá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "togciar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tha̍k-tsiá"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tagciar"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tha̍k tsiá"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵²/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tu³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʊk̚² t͡sɛː³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰuk̚⁵ t͡sa³¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔk̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sia⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚⁴⁻³² t͡sia⁴¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚²⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰak̚⁴⁻² t͡sia⁵²/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "shòuzhòng",
      "word": "受眾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shòuzhòng",
      "word": "受众"
    },
    {
      "english": "reader",
      "tags": [
        "Dungan"
      ],
      "word": "念家"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiēshòufāng",
      "word": "接受方"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiēshòuzhě",
      "word": "接受者"
    },
    {
      "english": "readers, listeners or members of an audience",
      "roman": "kànguān",
      "tags": [
        "honorific",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "看官"
    },
    {
      "english": "listeners",
      "roman": "tīngzhòng",
      "word": "聽眾"
    },
    {
      "english": "listeners",
      "roman": "tīngzhòng",
      "word": "听众"
    },
    {
      "english": "spectators",
      "roman": "guānzhòng",
      "word": "觀眾"
    },
    {
      "english": "spectators",
      "roman": "guānzhòng",
      "word": "观众"
    },
    {
      "english": "readership",
      "roman": "dúzhěqún",
      "word": "讀者群"
    },
    {
      "english": "readership",
      "roman": "dúzhěqún",
      "word": "读者群"
    }
  ],
  "word": "讀者"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "讀者",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "讀",
          "どく"
        ],
        [
          "者",
          "しゃ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dokusha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "どくしゃ"
      },
      "expansion": "讀(どく)者(しゃ) • (dokusha)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese kyūjitai spellings",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese nouns",
        "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgaiji kanji",
        "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "reader",
          "word": "読者"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Kyūjitai form of 読者 (“reader”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Kyūjitai",
          "kyūjitai"
        ],
        [
          "読者",
          "読者#Japanese"
        ],
        [
          "reader",
          "reader"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "kyūjitai"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "讀者"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dokja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "독자",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hj",
        "hangeul": "독자"
      },
      "expansion": "讀者 • (dokja) (hangeul 독자)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "reader",
          "word": "독자"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean nouns",
        "Korean nouns in Han script",
        "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 독자 (“reader”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "독자",
          "독자#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "reader",
          "reader"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "讀者"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "讀者",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "讀者",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
        "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Vietnamese lemmas",
        "Vietnamese nouns",
        "Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
        "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of độc giả (“reader”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "độc giả",
          "độc giả#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "reader",
          "reader"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "讀者"
}
{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "讀者"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "讀者",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "讀者"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "讀者",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "讀者"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "讀者",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "讀者"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "讀者",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.